The Titration

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   acid      air      burette      colour      deionised      drop      indicator      meniscus      orange      pipette      swirled      tap      volume   
To work out the concentration of an alkali, it can be titrated against a standard solution of an .
The is filled with a standard acid solution.
A little is run through the tap to make sure that no is trapped under the tap.
It is ensured that the bottom of the is level with zero.
A is used to measure exactly 25.0 cm3 of the unknown alkali and this is placed into a conical flask.
Two drops of a suitable indicator (e.g phenolphthalein or methyl ) are added to the flask.
The will show the colour of the alkali.
The of the burette is opened to start adding the acid into the conical flask.
The mixture is in the conical flask continuously to mix the contents.
As the colour of the indicator starts to change, the flow of acid from the burette is slowed down so that it is dripping into the conical flask one at a time.
When the indicator changes permanently, the end point has been reached.
The of acid used to neutralise the alkali is recorded.

The conical flask is rinsed out with water, the acid is topped up in the burette and the titration is repeated.