Acids and Bases

Vitamin C is necessary in our diets for healthy skin.
Which one of the following acid is contained in vitamin C?
1. Ascorbic acid
2. Ethanoic acid
3. Carbonic acid
4. Sulfuric acid
Which of the following ions do all acids have in common?
1. H⁺
2. Na⁺
3. OH⁻
4. Ca²⁺
Which one of the following gases is produced when calcium reacts with sulfuric acid?
1. Hydrogen
2. Oxygen
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Water vapour
An acid dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions was first proposed by which chemist?
1. Svente Arrhenius
2. Johannes Bronsted
3. Thomas Lowry
4. Neils Bohr
A dibasic acid is one that can donate two hydrogen ions in solution. Which one of the following acids is TRIBASIC?
1. H₃PO₄
2. CH₃COOH
3. HSO₄
4. HNO₃
Choose the weakest acid from the following list of acids.
1. HCOOH
2. HCl
3. H₂SO₄
4. HNO₃
Which one of the following will make an alkaline solution when added to water?
1. sodium hydroxide
2. carbon dioxide
3. sulfur dioxide
4. sodium chloride
The hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) may be formed when an acid reacts with water.
Which one of the following structures best represents the structure of the hydronium ion?
When pure hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride) is added to benzene (C₆H₆) and dry blue litmus paper added to the mixture, there is no colour change in the litmus paper from blue to red as one might expect.
Why is this?
1. The hydrogen chloride does not dissociate to form hydrogen ions.
2. Acids change litmus paper from red to blue only.
3. Benzene is a strong base which neutralises the hydrogen chloride.
4. Hydrogen chloride and benzene react together to form a neutral solution.
A neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base may be represented by which of the following equations?
1. OH⁻ + H⁺ → H₂O
2. H⁺ + H⁻ → H₂
3. H⁺ + Cl⁻ → HCl
4. Na⁺ + OH⁻ → NaOH
If an acid is spilt on the laboratory bench, which of the following substances should be added to it in order to neutralise it?
1. chalk
2. orange juice
3. water
4. vinegar
According to the Arrhenius theory on acids and bases, a base is a substance that dissolves in water to produce
1. OH⁻ ions
2. H⁺ ions
3. a salt
4. O²⁻ ions
A strong base is one that almost fully dissociates in water.
Which one of the following substances is a strong base?
1. NaOH
2. Mg(OH)₂
3. KOH
4. Ca(OH)₂
Which one of the following equations best describes what happens when magnesium hydroxide is dissolves in water?
1. Mg(OH)₂ → Mg²⁺ + 2OH⁻
2. Mg(OH)₂ → Mg + O₂ + H₂
3. 2Mg(OH)₂ → 2Mg + 2H₂O + HO₂
4. Mg(OH)₂ → MgO + H₂O
The Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases was replaced due to its shortcomings.
Which one of the following was one of these shortcomings?
1. Water is not always necessary in acid-base reactions.
2. An acid dissociates to form hydrogen ions (H⁺).
3. A base dissociates to form hydroxide ions (OH^-).
4. Weak acids and bases only partially dissociate.
The Bronsted-Lowry Theory of acids and bases is defined in terms of
1. protons
2. neutrons
3. electrons
4. hydrogen ions
Methanoic acid reacts with water as in the following reversible reaction
HCOOH + H₂O ⇌ COOH⁻ + H₃O⁺
Which of the following pairs are the acids according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition?
1. HCOOH and H₃O⁺
2. HCOOH and COOH⁻
3. H₂O and HCOOH
4. H₂O and H₃O⁺
According to the Bronsted-Lowry Theory an acid breaks up into
1. a conjugate base and a proton.
2. a conjugate acid and a proton.
3. an acid and a proton.
4. an acid-base pair.
For the reaction
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺
which of the following statements is correct?
1. H₃O⁺ and H₂O make up an acid-base pair.
2. The conjugate base of H₂O is H₃O⁺.
3. The conjugate acid of CH₃COOH is CH₃COO⁻.
4. CH₃COO⁻ is the conjugate acid of CH₃COOH.
Which two species are acting as an acid and a conjugate acid in the following reaction?
HOCl + OH⁻ ⇌ H₂O + ClO⁻
1. HOCl and H₂O
2. HOCl and ClO⁻
3. OH⁻ and H₂O
4. OH⁻ and ClO⁻
What are the products of the acid-base reaction
Hydrochloric acid + magnesium hydroxide ⇌ ? + ?
1. Magnesium chloride and water.
2. Magnesium chlorate and hydrogen.
3. Magnesium hydrochloride and water.
4. Magnesium chloride and carbon dioxide and water.
Which chemical is missing in the following word equation?
Sulfuric acid + ? → calcium sulfate + carbon dioxide + water
1. Calcium carbonate
2. Calcium chloride
3. Hydrogen sulfate
4. Calcium carbide
Which of the following reactions takes place when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
1. metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
2. metal carbonate → salt + water + hydrogen
3. metal carbonate → metal oxide + carbon dioxide
4. metal carbonate → salt + oxygen
Which species act as Brønsted–Lowry bases in the following reactions?
     CH₃NH₂ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃NH₃⁺ + OH⁻
     NH₂⁻ + H₂O ⇌ NH₃ + OH⁻

  1. CH₃NH₂
  2. CH₃NH₃⁺
  3. NH₂⁻
1. 1 and 3 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Which statements support the description of aluminium oxide as amphoteric?
   1. It can show acidic behaviour in the presence of strong alkalis.
   2. It can show alkaline behaviour in the presence of strong acids.
   3. It dissolves in water to form a neutral solution.
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 1 and 3 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3
Which two of the following are conjugate acid-base pairs?
1. H₂O_(l) / OH⁻_(aq) 2. NH₄⁺_(aq) / NH_3(aq) 3. HCl_(aq) / NaOH_(aq)
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
What is the conjugate base of the HSO₄⁻_(aq) ion?
1. SO₄²⁻_(aq)
2. H₂SO_4(aq)
3. H₂O_(l)
4. H₃O⁺_(aq)
Lime is added to a lake to neutralize the effects of acid rain.
The pH value of the lake water rises from 4 to 7.
What is the change in concentration of H⁺ ions in the lake water?
1. A decrease by a factor of 1000
2. An increase by a factor of 3
3. An increase by a factor of 1000
4. A decrease by a factor of 3
Which of the following is a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base pair?
1. CH₃COOH and CH₃COO⁻
2. H₂O and O²⁻
3. NH₄⁺ and NH₂⁻
4. H₂SO₄ and SO₄²⁻
In which reaction is H₂PO₄⁻ acting as a Brønsted-Lowry base?
1. H₂PO₄⁻ + NH₃ → HPO₄²⁻ + NH₄⁺
2. H₂PO₄⁻ + OH⁻ → HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O
3. H₂PO₄⁻ + C₂H₅NH₂ → HPO₄²⁻ + C₂H₅NH₃⁺
4. H₂PO₄⁻ + CH₃COOH → H₃PO₄ + CH₃COO⁻
Which one of the following solution contains the least amount of H⁺ ions?
1. 10.0 cm³ of 0.250 mol dm⁻³ HCl
2. 20.0 cm³ of 0.250 mol dm⁻³ HCl
3. 10.0 cm³ of 0.500 mol dm⁻³ HCl
4. 10.0 cm³ of 0.250 mol dm⁻³ H₂SO₄
Which of the following chemical systems at equilibrium involves water acting as a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
1. SO₄²⁻ + H₃O⁺ ⇌ HSO₄⁻ + H₂O
2. NH₄⁺ + OH⁻ ⇌ NH₃ + H₂O
3. H₂O + C ⇌ H₂ + CO
4. H₂O + HCN ⇌ H₃O⁺ ⇌ H₂O⁺ + CN⁻

Acids and Bases

Multiple Choice Quiz